​Surgery is a medical specialty that employs manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases, injuries, and disorders. It aims to improve bodily functions, repair ruptured areas, or enhance appearance. ​

Advancements in surgical techniques have led to minimally invasive procedures, such as laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, which offer benefits like reduced recovery times and minimized scarring. ​Surgical interventions are categorized based on urgency elective surgery (planned procedures, such as cosmetic surgeries or joint replacements),​ emergency surgery (immediate procedures required for conditions like acute appendicitis or traumatic injuries).

The decision to perform surgery considers factors like the patient's overall health, potential risks, and expected outcomes. Multidisciplinary teams, including surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nurses, collaborate to ensure optimal patient care throughout the surgical process.​ Continuous research and technological advancements strive to enhance surgical outcomes, patient safety, and recovery experiences.
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